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Events in Chinese History

Events 1 - 200 of 1,003

• 2333-10-03 BC State of Gojoseon (Modern-day Korea) founded by Dangun Wanggeom during the reign of the Chinese Emperor Yao
• 0781-06-04 BC Oldest Chinese recording of a solar eclipse
• 0202-02-28 BC Coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place, initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty's rule over China

• 0141-03-09 BC Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne of the Han Dynasty in China and rules for 54 years
• 0185-12-07 Emperor Lo-Yang, China sees supernova (MSH15-52)
• 0221-03-15 Liu Bei, a Chinese warlord and member of the Han royal house, declares himself Emperor of Shu-Han, claiming legitimate succession to the Han Dynasty
• 0607-08-01 Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607)
• 0618-06-18 Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries of the Tang Dynasty's rule over China
• 0626-07-02 Incident at Xuanwu Gate: Prince Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rivals, the brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng, sons of Emperor Gaozu; he then forces the emperor to name him as successor to the throne
• 0626-09-04 Shimin becomes Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor of China, when his father abdicates in his favour
• 0631-06-11 Emperor Taizong of Tang of China, sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing gold and silk for the release of Chinese prisoners captured during transition from Sui to Tang from northern frontier; succeeds in freeing 80,000
• 0660-07-09 Battle of Hwangsanbeol: At Nonsan, China a 50,000 strong Silla force led by general Kim Yu-shin annihilate the army of Baekje and kill their leader general Gyebaek
• 0663-08-27 Battle of Baekgang: Tang Chinese and Silla Korean forces defeat Korean Baekje forces and their Yamato Japanese allies on the Geum River in Korea. Last Japanese invasion of Korea for 900 years.
• 0706-07-02 Remains of Chinese Emperor Gaozong, his wife Empress Wu Zetian and family members interred in Qianling Mausoleum by Emperor Zhongzong, outside Chang'an on Mount Liangshan
• 0755-12-16 An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion during Chinese Tang Dynasty
• 0758-06-11 Diplomatic dispute at Tang Chinese capital Chang'an when Abbasid Arabs and Uyghur Turks both arrive to offer tribute. Settlement reached when both enter at same time through two different gates.

• 0762-11-20 Bögü, Khan of the Uyghurs, conquers Lo-Yang, capital of the Chinese Empire
• 0764-11-12 Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an for 15 days, capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty
• 0765-12-31 Coffin of Ho-tse Shen-hui interred in a stupa built in China
• 0835-12-14 Chinese Emperor Wenzong conspires with chancellor Li Xun and general Zheng Zhu to kill all the eunuchs, but the plot is foiled. Also known as the Sweet Dew Incident
• 0868-05-11 "The Diamond Sutra", the world's oldest surviving and dated printed book is printed in Chinese and made into a scroll

Song Dynasty Begins

0960-02-04 Coronation of Zhao Kuangyin as Emperor Taizu of the Song, initiating three centuries of Song Dynasty dominance in southern China

• 0971-01-23 War elephant corps of the Southern Han defeated at Shao by crossbow fire from Song Dynasty troops forcing the Southern Han state to submit to the Song Dynasty. First regular war elephant corps in the Chinese army.
• 1006-05-01 Supernova observed by Chinese and Egyptians in constellation Lupus
• 1054-07-04 Brightest known supernova SN 1054 (creates the Crab Nebula) 1st reported by Chinese astronomers
• 1126-01-18 Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chinese throne in favour of his son Qinzong
• 1142-10-11 Treaty of Shaoxing ratified with Chinese southern Song Dynasty agreeing to pay tribute to northern Jin dynasty
• 1181-08-04 Supernova SN 1181 in the constellation Cassiopeia observed by Chinese and Japanese astronomers, lasting until August 6
• 1200-07-01 In China, sunglasses are invented
• 1206-06-14 Chinese southern Song dynasty officially declares war on the northern Jin dynasty
• 1208-11-02 Peace treaty between the Chinese Jin and Song dynasties, the Song resume paying tribute after two years of fighting
• 1213-09-11 Chinese general Chih-Chung assassinates Emperor Wei Shao Wang (former Prince of Wei) in Peking and proclaims himself Regent
• 1228-11-05 Wu MeKuan, a collection of 48 Zen koans, compiled in China
• 1232-04-08 Mongol army under General Subedei begins the siege of Chinese Jin capital of Kaifeng - 1st occasion gunpowder used in a major engagement
• 1233-05-29 Chinese city of Kaifeng, capital of the Jurchen Jin dynasty, surrenders to the Mongols under General Subedei after a siege of more than a year

Mongol Envoy Imprisoned

1260-05-21 Hao Jing, envoy of Mongol leader Kublai Khan imprisoned by order of the high Chancellor of China, Jia Sidao at the Song Dynasty court of Emperor Lizong while attempting to negotiate with the Song

• 1271-12-18 Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), marking the start of the Yuan Dynasty of China
• 1276-06-14 While taking exile in Fuzhou, southern China, from advancing Mongol invaders, remnants of the Song Dynasty court hold coronation ceremony for young prince Zhao Shi, making him Emperor Duanzong of Song
• 1279-03-19 A Mongolian victory at the naval Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China
• 1280-07-27 Sogen Mugaku, founder of Engakuji temple, arrives in Japan from China

• 1290-09-27 Earthquake in the Gulf of Chihli (Bohai Sea) near China, reportedly kills 100,000 people

Külüg Khan

1307-06-21 Külüg Khan is enthroned as Emperor of China and seventh Great Khan after defeating rival factions and succeeding his uncle Temür Khan

• 1355-12-13 The greatest traveller of his age, Ibn Battuta of Tangier completes his work "The Travels" detailing his 29 years spent travelling the Islamic world and beyond, including to India, China and Indonesia
• 1363-08-30 Beginning of the Battle of Lake Poyang; two Chinese rebel leaders Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang are pitted against each other in what was one of the largest naval battles in history during Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty
• 1363-10-04 End of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the Chinese rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang defeat that of his rival, Chen Youliang, one of the largest naval battles in history with 850,000 taking part (approx.)

Chinese Ming Dynasty Begins

1368-01-23 In a coronation ceremony, Zhu Yuanzhang, aged 40, ascends to the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor, initiating Ming Dynasty rule over China that would last for three centuries

• 1384-08-16 Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong, hears case of couple who tore money bills while fighting over them (equal to act of destroying stamped government documents - law necessitated 100 floggings). Hongwu Emperor decides to pardon them.
• 1405-07-11 Chinese fleet commander Zheng He sets sail to the Spice Islands on his first major expedition, leading 208 vessels, including 62 treasure ships with 27,800 sailors
• 1449-09-08 Battle of Tumu Fortress - Mongolians capture the Chinese Emperor Yingzong of Ming
• 1461-08-07 Ming Dynasty Chinese military general Cao Qin stages a coup against the Tianshun Emperor
• 1498-06-26 Toothbrush invented in China using boar bristles
• 1517-08-15 Seven Portuguese armed vessels led by Fernão Pires de Andrade meet Chinese officials at the Pearl River estuary.

Verrazzano Sets Out

1524-01-17 Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano's sets sail aboard French ship La Dauphine to find a passage to China - finds North America instead

• 1556-01-23 Shaanxi Earthquake, the deadliest ever recorded, kills 830,000 in Shaanxi Province, China
• 1603-10-20 Chinese uprising in the Philippines fails after 23,000 killed
• 1605-10-03 Chinese uprising on Philippines, Tondo/Quiapo massacre
• 1626-02-27 Yuan Chonghuan is appointed Governor of Liaodong, after he led the Chinese into a great victory against the Manchurians under Nurhaci

Emperor Chongzhen

1627-10-02 Last Emperor of the Chinese Ming dynasty, Chongzhen, comes to the throne after death of his brother Emperor Tianqi

• 1630-01-13 Chinese Emperor Chongzhen orders the arrest of military general Yuan Chonghuan
• 1633-10-22 Battle of Liaoluo Bay: Dutch East India Company defeated by Chinese Ming naval forces in southern Fujian sea
• 1644-04-29 Farm leader Li Zicheng becomes Emperor of China and flees Peking
• 1645-07-21 Manchu Prince Grogon issues edict that all Han Chinese men shave front of their head and wear hair in queues in the Manchu style
• 1661-04-29 Chinese Ming dynasty occupies Taiwan
• 1662-02-01 Dutch garrison on Formosa surrenders to Chinese pirates
• 1683-07-16 Manchu/Chinese Qing Dynasty naval forces under commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
• 1689-09-08 China & Russia sign Treaty of Nertsjinsk (Nierchul), checked Russian expansion but opened trade further between the two countries
• 1727-10-21 Russian & Chinese accord to correct boundaries
• 1740-10-08 Chinese assault on Diestpoort, Batavia
• 1740-10-09 Dutch governor of the East Indies Adriaan Valckenier allows the massacre of around 10,000 Chinese inhabitants of Batavia
• 1755-06-30 Philippines close all non-catholic Chinese restaurants
• 1784-02-22 1st US ship to trade with China, "Empress of China", sails from NY
• 1786-06-10 A landslide dam on the Dadu River caused by earthquake ten days earlier collapses, killing 100,000 in the Sichuan province of China
• 1788-12-19 Chinese troops occupy capital Thang Long Vietnam
• 1789-02-01 Chinese troops driven out of Vietnam capital Thang Long
• 1790-11-11 Chrysanthemums are introduced to England from China
• 1839-08-23 British capture Hong Kong from China
• 1839-09-05 The First Opium War begins in China
• 1839-11-03 First Opium War - 2 British frigates engage several Chinese junks
• 1841-01-20 China cedes Hong Kong to the British during the First Opium War
• 1842-08-29 Great Britain and China sign Treaty of Nanking, ending the Opium war
• 1843-10-20 1st Chinese immigrant arrives in Suriname
• 1845-05-03 Fire kills 1,600 in a popular theater in Canton, China
• 1848-02-02 1st Chinese immigrants arrive by boat in San Francisco, California
• 1852-01-03 1st Chinese arrive in Hawaii
• 1852-12-23 1st Chinese theater in US, the Celestial John, opens in San Francisco
• 1854-11-28 Dutch army stops Chinese uprising in Borneo
• 1856-09-02 Tianjing's struggle Incident in Nanjing, China.
• 1856-10-08 The Second Opium War or second Anglo-Chinese War: begins with the Arrow Incident on the Pearl River

Chinese Rebellion in Sarawak

1857-02-18 Chinese residents in the fledging state of Sarawak rebel against the "White Rajah" James Brooke

• 1857-03-03 Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China
• 1858-06-29 Treaty of Algun: China cedes north bank of Amur River to Russia
• 1860-09-21 In the Second Opium War, an Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Baliqiao
• 1862-07-27 Massive typhoon hits Canton and Whampoa in China; at least 40,000 die
• 1868-03-31 Chinese Embassy arrives aboard steamship China
• 1869-03-11 The West first learns of the Giant Panda via French missionary Armand David who receives a skin from a hunter
• 1871-10-24 Mob in Los Angeles, California hangs 18 Chinese
• 1875-01-12 Kwang-su becomes Emperor of China

Billy the Kid Arrested

1875-09-23 Billy the Kid is arrested for the 1st time and jailed after receiving clothing stolen from a Chinese laundry. Escapes two days later.

• 1881-02-24 China and Russia sign the Sino-Russian Ili Treaty.
• 1882-05-06 Chinese Exclusion Act: US Congress ceases Chinese immigration
• 1882-09-03 French/Vietnamese/Chinese battle at Hanoi, 100s die
• 1884-07-05 US Congress accept 2nd Chinese Exclusion Act
• 1885-09-02 In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners, who were struggling to unionize so they could strike for better wages and work conditions, attack their Chinese fellow workers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.
• 1885-11-03 Tacoma vigilantes drive out Chinese, burn their homes & businesses

State of Emergency in Seattle

1886-02-09 US President Grover Cleveland declares a state of emergency in Seattle because of anti-Chinese violence

• 1886-03-01 The Anglo-Chinese School in Singapore is founded by Bishop William Oldham.
• 1886-07-24 China takes British protectorate of Burma
• 1887-09-28 Yellow River or Huáng Hé floods in China, killing between 900,000 and 2 million people, one of the deadliest natural disasters in history
• 1890-04-06 French troops under capt Archinard occupy Segu, West-Sudan
• 1890-04-27 French troops under Capt Archinard occupy Oussebougou, West Sudan
• 1891-02-18 Capt Archinard's army fights with Nyamina of Niger in West-Sudan
• 1891-02-24 French troops under Captain Archinard occupy Diena West Sudan
• 1893-08-10 Chinese deported from San Francisco under Exclusion Act
• 1893-11-29 Ziqiang Institute, today known as Wuhan University, is founded by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei and Hunan Provinces in late Qing Dynasty of China after his memorial to the throne is approved by the Qing Government.
• 1894-03-17 US & China sign treaty preventing Chinese laborers from entering US
• 1894-06-30 Korea declares independence from China, asks for Japanese aid
• 1894-09-15 Japan defeats China in Battle of Ping Yang
• 1894-11-19 1st mushroom on a stamp (China 1 & 5 Ap)
• 1895-05-08 China cedes Taiwan to Japan under Treaty of Shimonoseki
• 1895-11-19 American inventor Frederick E. Blaisdell of Philadelphia patents the "self-sharpening" paper sheathed pencil, commonly known as a china marker
• 1896-08-29 Chop suey invented in NYC by chef of visiting Chinese Ambassador
• 1898-06-09 China leases Hong Kong's new territories to the United Kingdom for 99 years
• 1898-06-16 China's emperor De Zong (Guang Xu) receives Kang Youwei
• 1898-07-03 American troops, en route to the Philippines on the SS China, raise the American flag on Wake Island
• 1898-09-21 Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China, imprisoning the Guangxu Emperor

Beatty Officer HMS Barfleur

1899-04-20 David Beatty is appointed executive officer of the HMS Barfleur, a small battleship and flagship of the China Station

• 1899-09-06 US Secretary of State John Hay publishes his "Open Door note" calling for equality of commercial opportunity for foreigners in China
• 1900-01-02 US Secretary of State John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China
• 1900-01-27 Foreign diplomats in Peking, China, write formal notes of protest demanding that the Chinese Government stop the Boxes and other groups leading attacks on Westerners and Christians.
• 1900-02-16 1st Chinese daily newspaper in US publishes, Chung Sai Yat Po in San Francisco
• 1900-03-20 US Secretary of State John Hay announces that all nations to whom he sent notes calling for an 'open door' policy in China have essentially accepted his stand
• 1900-05-17 In China, three villages within 100 miles of Peking are burned by Boxers and 60 Chinese Christians killed
• 1900-05-28 In China, rioters provoked by Boxers burn the Fengtai Railway Station, where many Belgians work
• 1900-06-06 Boxers cut off all railroad links between Peking and Tientsin, main port city of Peking
• 1900-06-09 In China, Boxers destroy the race course in Peking, a few miles from the legations and the center and symbol of diplomatic social life and Western privilege
• 1900-06-10 In China, a relief column of some 2000 men set out from Tientsin to relieve foreigners trapped in Peking
• 1900-06-11 David Beatty and 150 men from HMS Barfleur land as part of a force of 2,400 defending Tientsin from 15,000 Chinese troops plus Boxers
• 1900-06-13 In China, Baron von Kettler, the German minister to China, beats two young Boxers with his walking stick; when word of this circulates, rioting and arson spread throughout Peking during the night
• 1900-06-16 In China, a fire is set by Boxers, virtually destroying the Western Quarter and spreading to engulf many Chinese landmarks
• 1900-06-20 Baron Von Ketteler, German Minister, decides to go to the Chinese authorities to demand more guards for European protection from Boxers and is killed by Boxers en route
• 1900-06-20 In China, most foreigners in the Peking legations now accept that they are under siege by Boxers
• 1900-06-22 In China, practically the whole foreign community in Peking, including many Chinese Christians, retreat to British compounds
• 1900-06-25 Dunhuang manuscripts, including the Diamond Sutra, world's oldest surviving dated book, discovered by Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu in the Mogao Caves, China
• 1900-06-25 Russia mobilizes its army in eastern Siberia preparatory to acting against the Chinese, but also in an attempt to diminish the influence of Japan on the Asian mainland
• 1900-06-26 Japan mobilizes 20,000 troops to help put down the Boxer uprising in China and to advance their long-term interest in gaining land and power in mainland Asia
• 1900-06-29 The Imperial Chinese Court issues what is essentially a declaration of war against foreigners in China blaming them for hostilities and giving license to the Boxers for even greater ferocity
• 1900-07-16 A report appears in London that all foreigners in Peking, China, have been massacred. Although soon exposed as false, the report helps mobilize support for relief of foreigners
• 1900-07-16 Russia launch an offensive against the Chinese in Manchuria
• 1900-08-04 An allied expeditionary force, made up of Japanese, Russian, British, French and American troops, sets off from Tientsin for Peking, China, to put down Boxer rebellion
• 1900-08-15 Boxer Rebellion: Chinese Empress Dowager Cixi, her family, and court retainers flee Peking for Xi'an while foreign troops move through the capital in an attempt to quell the rebellion
• 1900-08-15 Russian troops advance further unto Manchuria
• 1900-09-03 Russian troops now control both sides of the Amur River on the Russo-Manchurian boundary
• 1900-10-10 Foreign ministers in Peking begin their first serious negotiations over what conditions their nations will impose on the Chinese after putting down the Boxer uprising
• 1900-10-10 In Manchuria, Russia captures the major city of Mukden, part of their own plan to take over the whole province
• 1900-10-16 Great Britain and Germany sign the Anglo-German Treaty, agreeing to maintain territorial integrity of China and support 'open door' policy called for by US Secretary of State
• 1900-11-09 China has resumed nominal control of Manchuria, but in a secret agreement the Chinese governor of Manchuria grants Russia such rights as keeping troops along the railroad lines and controlling civil administration
• 1900-12-24 Foreign powers present the Chinese Empress with their list of 'irrevocable conditions' before their nations will withdraw troops from China
• 1901-03-14 Germany's Chancellor von Bulow declares that the agreement Germany signed with Great Britain in October 1900, to restrain foreign aggression and maintain open trade, does not apply to Manchuria
• 1901-09-07 The Peace of Peking puts an end to the Boxer Rebellion in China
• 1902-01-30 Britain and Japan sign a treaty after months of negotiating which commits each country to supporting an independent China and Korea, although it acknowledges Japan's 'special interest' in Korea
• 1902-02-01 China's empress Tzu-hsi forbids binding woman's feet
• 1902-02-01 US Secretary of State John Hay protests granting Russia exclusive privileges in China, on ground that it runs contrary to the 'open door' policy granting all nations equal rights there
• 1902-03-20 France and Russia issue a joint declaration that approves the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, but stipulates that they have the right to protect interests in China and Korea
• 1902-04-08 Russia and China sign the Convention of Evacuation under which Russia agrees to evacuate Manchuria within 18 months
• 1902-04-29 Congress extends the Chinese Exclusion Act (of 1882) prohibiting immigration of Chinese laborers from territories to the mainland, a rule clearly aimed at Chinese in the Philippines
• 1903-08-12 The Japanese Minister to Russia presents a note to the Russian Government protesting against its failure to evacuate Manchuria
• 1903-08-29 The Finance Minister, Count Witte, is dismissed in what is seen as a victory for those in Russia who want their country to expand into Manchuria and Korea in defiance of the Japanese
• 1903-10-30 In violation of their promise to evacuate Manchuria, the Russian reoccupy Mukden and reinforce their troops in Manchuria

A Humorous Diplomatic Atlas of Europe and Asia

1904-02-09 Japanese torpedo boats make a surprise attack on Russian ships Port Arthur naval base, Manchuria, beginning the Russo-Japanese War. Japanese also land troops at Chemulpo (Inchon), near Seoul, Korea; in 3 weeks they advance to the Yalu River, the border of Manchuria.

• 1904-05-30 The Japanese Army capture the City of Dairen after landing troops along the south coast of Manchuria
• 1904-06-22 Chinese laborers arrive in South Africa following a severe labor shortage
• 1905-07-19 Llamas war party attacks group of 60, fleeing French mission at Tzekou, (Chinese-Tibetan border) murdering most with Scottish botanist George Forrest escaping by hiding for nine days [1]

T'ung Meng Hui Formed

1905-08-20 Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen forms the first chapter of Tongmenghui, a union of secret societies determined to bring down the Qing dynasty

• 1905-09-02 Chinese crown discontinues its Imperial Examinations (Golden Lists), civil service recruitment exams that dated back in some form to 581AD and influenced British civil service and beyond [1]
• 1906-10-11 San Francisco Board of Education orders segregation in separate schools of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean children sparking diplomatic crisis
• 1906-11-06 Chinese Government ministries are reorganized as part of the movement towards constitutional government; but in fact the Manchu princes retain control and there is little gain for the Chinese people
• 1906-11-21 China prohibits the opium trade
• 1907-06-10 France and Japan sign an agreement to maintain the independence and integrity of China, equality for all nations in trading with China, and the status quo in the Far East
• 1907-06-14 Government of Transvaal sends home 50,000 Chinese day workers
• 1907-07-30 Russia and Japan sign an agreement guaranteeing freedom of China while recognizing each other's special interests
• 1908-11-30 The US Secretary of State and Japan's ambassador to the US exchange notes in what becomes known as the Root-Takahira Agreement: they affirm support for an independent China with an 'open door' policy and for the status quo in the Pacific
• 1908-12-02 Child Emperor Pu Yi ascends the Chinese throne at the age of two
• 1909-09-09 China's Metropolitan Library established by the Qing Dynasty in Beijing Guanghua temple (now the National Library of China) [1]

Assassination of Itō Hirobumi

1909-10-26 Itō Hirobumi, Resident-General of Korea, and former Japanese Prime Minister is shot and killed by Korean nationalist An Jung-geun in Harbin, China

• 1910-02-25 13th Dalai Lama (Thupten Gyatso) flees Tibet for British India to escape Chinese troops
• 1910-03-10 Republic of China officially abolishes slavery
• 1910-07-04 In a mutual defense agreements, Japan and Russia delineate their spheres of interest in Manchuria
• 1911-10-10 Chinese revolutionaries begin an armed rebellion against the ruling Qing dynasty in Wuchang, causing the Viceroy of Huguang to flee the city (Taiwan National Day)
• 1911-11-10 Chinese Imperial army recaptures Nanking (blood bath)
• 1911-12-29 Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen is elected the 1st President of the Republic of China
• 1912-01-01 Sun Yat-sen forms the Republic of China

• 1912-02-12 The last Qing Emperor of China, Puyi (age 6) abdicates after losing the support of the Chinese people and thus the "mandate of heaven"
• 1912-04-02 Sun Yet Sen forms Guomindang Party in China
• 1912-04-04 Chinese republic proclaimed in Tibet
• 1912-08-25 The Kuomintang, the Chinese nationalist party, is founded.
• 1912-12-06 China votes for universal human rights

Assassination of Song Jiaoren

1913-03-22 Song Jiaoren, leader of the Chinese Kuomintang Party, shot at Shanghai Railway Station, dies 2 day later (thought orchestrated by Kuomintang President Yuan Shikai)

• 1913-04-08 China's National Assembly opens in Peking, the first free democratic parliament in Chinese history

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